Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing relevance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). These

The efficacy of photocatalytic degradation is a crucial factor in addressing environmental pollution. This study explores the capability of a hybrid material consisting of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The synthesis of this composite material was achiev